Problem Solving Strategies, Tools and Techniques
From AgileBok.org
In an Agile Software Development team, most of the time a software development manager will be frequently visited by developers who are spinning their wheels on a design problem or running out of ideas while troubleshooting an application. Here are some of the very basic Problem Solving Strategies that can be practically seen around in every Agile Team.
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Ask it Loud
In most of the cases where you went to ask someone a question and simply the act of asking it aloud made you realize the answer. Consider for a moment why this technique works, and why it often works better when the other person has little advance knowledge of the issue. To bring that other person into the discussion you are forced to rewind your brain back to when you started working on the problem eschewing all of the clutter and complexity that you have added since you’ve been working on it. Then you must revisit each of the steps you have taken justifying each decision and restating each assumption.
Revisit the Problem
So why should revisiting the history of the problem be effective? After all, having the same person answer the same intermediate questions ought to bring that person to the same conclusion, right? If this were true, then the sounding board approach would be a waste of time, which we know is not the case from anecdotal evidence. The reason you arrive at a different answer is that unlike the first time through, you now have the benefit of foresight and are far less likely to take a path that you know will lead you through the brambles.
The Sunk Cost Fallacy
The longer you walk down those brambly paths the easier it is to mentally commit to pressing forward. On an intellectual level we understand the Sunk Cost Fallacy, but are still susceptible to it and can form mental blocks that make it discomforting to backtrack for more than one or two forks in the road. This is why we need the guide to force us to rethink the whole journey and each decision along the way.
Critical Problem Solving Stratgies and Techniques
The core problem is sometimes just so obvious that saying it out loud is enough to expose the flaws in the current approach. Here are a few better tips for helping out on the thornier problems.
- Establish yourself as a devil’s advocate – The rest of these tips taken in the wrong context can easily put the person defensive. Establish that you are going to ask a bunch of questions, some naive, some pointed, but that your goal is to help them re-verify their assumptions, not to promote an alternate idea or criticize their approach.
- Be Kind, Rewind - Even if you know the back-story, ask lots of “why” questions and continue pushing back towards the root problem. Help them fight the tendency to revisit only the last few decisions. “You are de-normalizing the table for performance? Why did you need to do that?”
- Don’t let them linger on meta-problems – When a problem seems too big to hold in your brain, it’s tempting to seek respite by focusing on manageable meta-problems. While those problems may need solving, they are distractions from the real issue that is blocking progress. When the person lingers on details or raises meta-problems, keep rewinding.
- Ask Probing Questions - Make them talk through each decision and ask stupid questions. Apply extra scrutiny when the developer clearly thinks a decision was easy or obvious. When we think things are obvious, we take mental shortcuts by avoiding thinking things through as thoroughly. Challenge assumptions, this is where problems hide.
- Use Reflective Listening – This is a communication technique where you repeat back a summary of what the other person just said to you to confirm understanding. Another benefit in this situation is that having the person hear their own ideas in another person’s voice/words may make it easier for them to be objective. Also check Active Listening
- Avoid injecting your own ideas – At some point you may have a great idea for a better approach. Keep it to yourself. It will just make them defensive and will undermine their sense of ownership of the problem, and inhibit their ability to understand the solution.
- Lead them to the answer – If they simply aren’t making progress and you know a good answer consider leading them to the answer with a line of questioning that directs them instead of just hand feeding the information to them. They are more likely to take ownership if they feel they reached the conclusion, and people generally retain information more readily if they arrived at it by logic on their own. If you must resort to this, tread lightly with your tone and take extra care not to come off as pedantic.
It may seem strange that my approach advocates being somewhat evasive with information or potential solutions. However, it is given in the context of a manager/mentor acting as a sounding board. In this role, your primary focus should be to create leverage by making things happen through your team. Any veteran manager will tell you that handing out answers routinely to technical problems is only going to make the line to your office longer and make you the bottleneck. Always strongly favor approaches that encourage critical thinking among developers and gives the glory to the developer instead of the esteemed leader. It sure pays off in the long run.
